A y A Escuela de Idiomas

MODALES- SEMI MODALES -          NO SE PUEDEN PONER DOS MODALES JUNTOS -          LOS MODALES SIEMPRE VAN SEGUIDOS DE INFINITIVO -          LOS MODALES PUEDEN SER SIMPLES, PERFECTOS Y CONTINUOS. -          LOS MODALES SE AUXILIAN A ELLOS MISMOS. ·         PARA HABILIDADES CAN-COULD – BE ABLE (** LA NEGACION DE CAN ES CAN´T O CANNOT **) -          CAN PRESENTE – I CAN SWIM -          COULD PASADO – I COULD SWIM WHEN I WAS 3 -          BE ABLE ( TODOS LOS TIEMPOS) – I WILL BE ABLE TO SWIM UNTIL I AM 100 ·         POR INTENSIDAD DE ESFUERZO CAN - COULD – BE ABLE – MANAGE – BE CAPABLE -          I COULD OPEN THE TIN -          I WAS ABLE TO OPEN THE TIN -          I MANAGED TO OPEN THE TIN -          I WAS CAPABLE OF OPENING THE TIN ·         PERMISO CAN – COULD – MAY – BE ALLOWED -          CAN INFORMAL – CAN I USE YOUR PHONE, MARY? -          COULD FORMAL – COULD I MAKE A CALL, PLEASE? -          MAY FORMAL – MAY I USE YOUR PHONE, PLEASE? -          I WAS NEVER ALLOWED TO GO HOME ON MY OWN AT NIGHT ·         VERDADES GENERALES Y POSIBILIDAD CAN – COULD 1.       FIREWORKS CAN FRIGHTEN PETS 2.       THE STORM COULD GET WORSE 3.       WE CAN GO TO LONDON IN JUNE SINCE BOTH OF US HAVE A WEEK OF THEN 4.       THEY COULD HAVE BEEN PLAYED BETTER. ·         CRITICAS Y ARREPENTIMIENTOS COULD 1.       YOU COULD HAVE CALLED TO SAY THAT YOU WOULD BE LATE 2.       I COULD HAVE BEEN A DOCTOR , IF I HAD HAD MORE TIME TO STUDY. ·         ORDENES, OBLIDACIONES, PROHIBICIONES MUST – HAVE TO – NEED - SHOULD/OUGHT TO -          MUST SE USA CUANDO LA ORDEN ES DIRECTA O LA IMPONE EL EMISOR. Y  PARA COSAS QUE SON ABSOLUTAMENTE NECESARIO OBEDECER COMO ÓRDENES, MANDATOS Y OBLIGACIONES. 1.       YOU MUST STUDY HARDER OR YOU WILL BE GROUNDED. 2.       TO CALM PUBLIC OPINION, POLICE MUST QUICKLY ARREST THE CULPRITS AND SOLVE THIS CASE. 3.       YOU MUST USE A SEATBELT WHEN YOU ARE IN A CAR -          MUSTN´T IMPLICA PROHIBICION 1.       YOU MUSTN´T SPEAK IN THE LIBRARY -          HAVE TO SE USA PARA ORDENES INDIRECTAS NO IMPUESTAS POR EL EMISOR 1.       I HAVE TO STUDY HARDER OR I WILL BE GROUNDED. -          DON´T HAVE TO IMPLICA AUSENCIA DE NECESIDAD. ( NO HACE FALTA) 1.       YOU DON´T HAVE TO BRING YOUR DICTIONARY TO CLASS, WE HAVE PLENTY. -          EN PASADO SE USA HAD TO INDEPENDIENTEMENTE DEL TIPO DE ORDEN. 1.       I HAD TO CALL THE DOCTOR 2.       SHE DIDN´T HAVE TO TAKE THAT EXAM. -          NEED IMPLICA NECESIDAD – ES SIMILAR A HAVE TO. ES TANTO UN VERBO NORMAL COMO MODAL. EN SU FORMA MODAL EL NEED SUELE APARECER EN PRESENTE, PARA USARLO EN PASADO COMO MODAL SE OPTA POR EL NEED HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. 1.       I NEEDN´T BUY ANYTHING 2.       I NEED TO TAKE MY MEDICINE 3.       I DON´T NEED TO STUDY FOR THAT EXAM. 4.       YOU NEEDN´T HAVE COME YESTERDAY, I COULD HAVE DONE IT ON MY OWN. ·         CONSEJOS COULD – SHOULD – MUST – HAD BETTER – OUGHT TO -          SHOULD Y OUGHT TO SE UTILIZAN INDISTINTAMENTE PARA DAR CONSEJOS. EN NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA  EL USO DE SHOULD  ES MÁS COMÚN QUE OUGHT  TO , QUE ES MÁS FORMAL 1.       YOU SHOULD STUDY. 2.       SHE SHOULD HAVE TAKEN THE BUS EARLIER, THAT WAY SHE WOULDN´T HAVE BEEN LATE. 3.       WE OUGHT TO HAVE LOCKED THA GATE. SOMEONE COULD GET IN WHILE WE ARE NOT THERE. -          MUST SE UTILIZA PARA CONSEJOS ENFATICOS O RECOMENDACIONES SERIAS . 4.       YOU MUST STOP SMOKING, THE DOCTOR SAID THAT YOUR LUNGS ARE BLACK. -          HAD BETTER SE USA  CUANDO QUEREMOS DECIR QUE SERÍA UNA BUENA IDEA HACER ALGO O CUANDO QUEREMOS EXPRESAR URGENCIA O AMENAZA  (SOBRE TODO EN INGLÉS HABLADO) 1.       IF YOU´RE NOT FEELING WELL, YOU´D BETTER ASK ANN TO GO INSTEAD. 2.       THERE IS SOMEONE DOWNSTAIRS, SO YOU´D BETTER CALL THE POLICE,  QUICKLY. 3.       HE´D BETTER NOT BE LATE AGAIN OR THERE´LL BE TROUBLE. ·         ESPECULAR MAY – MIGHT  -  CAN´T – COULD -          PARA COSAS QUE CREEMOS PODRIAN SER POSIBLES, INDISTINTAMENTE MAY, MIGHT O COULD. (MAY IMPLICA MAS CERTEZA QUE MIGHT) -            1.       IT MAY BE COLD TOMORROW 2.       I MAY HAVE LEFT THE WINDOW OPEN, I CAN´T REMEMBER 3.       THERE COULD BE LIFE SOMEWHERE OUT IN SPACE 4.       IT COULD HAVE BEEN BY MISTAKE, I CAN´T SEE HER DOING THAT ON PURPOSE 5.       SHE MIGHT CHOOSE SOMETHING DIFFERENT, YOU NEVER KNOW. 6.       SHE IS NEVER LATE, SHE MIGHT HAVE GOT THE TIME OR PLACE WRONG, GIVE HER A CALL. -          PARA LAS COSAS QUE CREEMOS QUE ES POSIBLE QUE ALGO NO SEA VERDAD O NO OCURRA O OCURRIERA. ( MIGHT NOT, MAY NOT) 1.       HE MIGHT NOT BE HOME YET 2.       SHE MIGHT NOT HAVE UNDERSTOOD PROPERLY. 3.       SHE MAY NOT UNDERSTAND YOUR JOKE. 4.       SHE MAY NOT HAVE REMEMBERED THAT WE WERE COMING. ·         CERTEZA MUST – CAN´T – COULDN´T -          MUST PARA HABLAR DE COSAS DE LAS  QUE ESTAMOS SEGUROS O BUSCAMOS CONFIRMACION. 1.       YOU MUST FEEL SO TIRED AFTER RUNNING 30 KM.. 2.       I MUST HAVE LEFT MY UMBRELLA IN THE BUS, ´CAUSE I HAD IT WHEN I WENT IT. -          CAN´T Y COULDN´T PARA HABLAR DE COSAS QUE ESTAMOS SEGUROS NO PUEDEN SER POSIBLES 1.       YOU CAN´T BE TIRED, YOU HAVE ONLY RUN 2 KM 2.       SHE CAN´T HAVE LEFT THE LIGHTS ON, I REMINDED HER BEFORE LEAVING. 3.       IT COULDN´T BE A GHOST, THEY DON´T EXIST 4.       SHE COULDN´T HAVE BOUGHT THE WRONG MILK, SHE HAD IT WRITTEN DOWN. ·         CONDICIONAL WOULD -          PARA FORMAR EL TIEMPO CONDICIONAL 1.       I WOULD LIKE TO FINISH MY WORK-SHIFT EVERYDAY ON TIME 2.       YOU WOULD NOT BUY THAT T-SHIRT, IF I WERE YOU 3.       I WOULD HAVE LIKED TO HAVE MORE TIME TO ENJOY MY HOLIDAY. ·         FUTURO -          EL WILL Y EL SHALL SE USAN PARA FORMAR EL FUTURO DE LOS VERBOS. 1.       I SHALL STUDY TOMORROW 2.       YOU WILL REMEMBER HIS NAME -          EN PREGUNTAS SE USA EL WILL, SOLO SE USA EL SHALL PARA OFRECIMIENTOS Y SUGERENCIAS NORMALMENTE EN PRIMERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR Y PLURAL. 1.       SHALL I OPEN THE WINDOW? 2.       WILL YOU BE COMING TOMORROW? -          LA CONTRACCION DEL WILL NOT ES WON´T. 1.       HE WON´T GO TO CLASS WITH YOU. 2.       I SHALL NOT RETURN YOUR CALL. -          SE UTILIZA EL FUTURO SIMPLE PARA: 1.       PREDICCIONES FUTURAS BASADAS EN NUESTRA OPINION  (** PARA PREDICCIONES BASADAS EN EVIDENCIAS USAMOS EL BE GOING TO**) I DON´T THINK YOU WILL HAVE ANY PROBLEMS GETTING TO THE AIRPORT IN TIME. 2.       DECISIONES TOMADAS EN EL MOMENTO (** PARA DECISIONES TOMADAS ANTES DE HABLAR USAMOS EL BE GOING TO**) A: I´M COLD!! B: I´LL SWITCH ON THE HEATING 3.       DESEOS Y PROMESAS YOU WILL HAVE A GREAT TIME NEXT SUMMER AT THE SUMMER CAMP I WILL ALWAYS LOVE YOU 4.       HECHOS FUTUROS TOM WILL BE 15 NEXT FRIDAY. -          SE UTILIZA EL FUTURO CONTINUO PARA COSAS QUE CREEMOS ESTARÁN OCURRIENDO EN UN MOMENTO CONCRETO DEL FUTURO 1.       THIS TIME NEXT WEEK, I WILL BE LYING ON THE BEACH -          SE UTILIZA EL FUTURO PERFECTO SIMPLE PARA COSAS QUE CREEMOS HABRAN SUCEDIDO CUANDO LLEGUE UN MOMENTO CONCRETO DEL FUTURO. 1.       BY THE TIME YOU COME TONIGHT, I WILL HAVE FINISHED ALL MY HOMEWORK. -          SE UTILIZA EL FUTURO PERFECTO CONTINUO PARA COSAS QUE CREEMOS HABRAN ESTADO SUCEDIENDO DE FORMA CONTINUADA PARA CUANDO LLEGUE UN MOMENTO CONCRETO DEL FUTURO. 1.       BY THE TIME I GET TO LONDON , I WILL HAVE BEEN DRIVING FOR TWO DAYS.